Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disability characterised by impairments in three key areas of functioning: social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication, and activities and interests. Autism is characterised by extreme lack of responsiveness, a lack of ability to relate to others, obsessive preoccupation with the sameness, restricted interests, repetitive behaviours, and significant difficulties with language and cognition.

ASD usually manifests early in life, with reliable diagnosis occurring by the age of three and as early as 18 months. However, there is a substantial portion of high functioning individuals with ASD that remain undiagnosed until relatively late in life. Adults with autism spectrum condition respond well to interventions and treatment because they are significantly included in their community and participate in social settings. Consequently, the individuals do well as adults. On the other hand, those with intellectual disability or severe autism generally have poorer life outcomes.

Symptoms and diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in adults

Autism is a spectrum disorder without fixed effects. The degree of impairment and severity of symptoms vary from one person to another and across developmental levels. However, some criteria of symptoms suggest an autism diagnosis. Nevertheless, only a mental health professional can make a diagnosis of autism by analyzing symptoms and developmental history.

Symptoms that may indicate autism Spectrum disorder are:
1. Difficulties in interacting and communicating with people.
2. Socially inappropriate behaviour
3. Difficulties in making and maintaining relationships
4. Problem with understanding social norms and instructions
5. Impaired language processing ( understanding and comprehension of language) and delayed language development.
6. Use of oddly formal and pedantic language, Often talk in a peculiar tone and stilted fashion.
7. Repetitive use of phrases or motor movements
8. Odd movements and motor clumsiness
9. Difficulties in understanding of non-verbal or emotional cues and signals.
10. inappropriate facial expression
11. limited or inappropriate use of gestures
12. Less or no interest in most of the activities
13. Rigid routines and resistance to change
14. Over sensitivity to light and noise
15. Strong and odd dislikes around food and clothes

Not every person with ASD will have all the symptoms. In other words, autism symptoms can vary in severity and intensity as well as over time. Some individuals with autism may also demonstrate unique skills. The development of self-esteem and employment opportunities can be enhanced by identifying and nurturing these special abilities and strengths. However, ASD can also co-occur with other medical and psychiatric conditions, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep disorders, anxiety, ADHD, depression, and aggression. 

Treatment of Adult Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Those with autism who receive early education and treatment have a fulfilling life. The treatment is based on medication and therapy that aims to remove extreme anxiety, depression, and sensory sensitivities and develop talents and potential. 
Treatment may include

• Social skill training to develop social interaction and communication skills needed for university education and work and to improve social behavior.
• Cognitive therapies for developing coping skills, facilitating self-acceptance, and treating co morbid disorders such as anxiety and depression.
• Occupation therapy and job skill training to help in developing work related skill set, goal setting and to help exploring strengths and potential of an individual.
• Couple and family therapy to help improve interpersonal relationships with family and friends.
• Medicines to treat certain ASD symptoms such as being cranky or hyperactive, or to deal with other psychological problems like anxiety and depression.

The therapist or doctor may include other therapeutic techniques depending on the patient’s symptoms and needs. Autism individuals with high severity or intellectual disabilities may have a difficult time adjusting to adult life. In addition, they may require constant treatment and support. 

6 Strategies to deal with autism as an adult

1. CONNECT

It is true that you are not alone and that many others are experiencing the same thing as you. Connect with people, organisations, associations, books, and websites dedicated to supporting adults on the spectrum. Many organisations and digital portals are available that help individuals connect with others who are working towards the same goals they are.  You can find support through online or local associations to learn how other people are coping with their challenges, what strategies have helped them, what therapies have benefited them and what support and services are available for you to utilise.

2. EDUCATE YOURSELF

Learning about ASD and gaining knowledge about it are the first steps that will help you. By understanding autism, you can identify the symptoms and reduce your anxiety. As a result, guiding you to the most appropriate treatment option. You can search for e-Health and other learning methods that encourage self-management and independence. Additionally, some local support groups can help you find out about services and funding that may be available to you. Additionally, you can find some books and E-resources on websites run by adults who were diagnosed with ASD to learn how they dealt with some of the challenges they faced.

3. ADOPT A HEALTHY LIFE ROUTINE

Incorporating healthy habits into your routine and making healthy food choices can help you manage your mood and anxiety symptoms. Eating regularly and removing certain proteins from the diet may help alleviate some symptoms. In addition, try to include a gluten-free, casein-free (GFCF) diet. You will also get the required protein and eliminate digestive distress with a low carbohydrate, moderate protein, high fat, and fibre-rich diet. In case of food sensitivity, learn which foods you can tolerate and what healthy food options are available that suit your taste and nutritional needs. 

Insomnia or poor sleep quality can affect your mood and elevate anxiety levels. Make sure you practice good sleep hygiene by practicing a relaxing routine before bed. Regular physical activities and exercise, such as aerobic exercise and daily walks or runs, are beneficial to your mental health and also help to reduce stress and aggression. Additionally, other techniques such as meditation, mindfulness, deep breathing, and yoga may help adults with autism reduce their anxiety levels.

4. DEALING WITH DAILY CHALLENGES 

You will be able to improve your daily living skills by organising your work and activities. It is helpful to schedule your daily, weekly, and monthly activities and chores. It may be beneficial putting up reminders about scheduled responsibilities such as bill payments, project submissions, and meetings. In addition, few people find it helpful to schedule their laundry, vacuuming, and grocery shopping for certain days and mark them on their calendar to remind themselves. If you are experiencing problems with sensory integration, you can get help from occupational therapists who specialise in sensory integration. 

For auditory sensitivity auditory integration training or behavioural optometry methods for controlling sensory input can be very useful. Meanwhile, you can put on earplugs to curtail your sensitivity to sound. However, make sure you do not block all sounds around you and are able to hear when people are calling you or talking to you. Likewise, for visual sensitivity, you can try wearing sunglasses or a cap to minimise the light exposure to your eyes. For tactile sensitivity and olfactory sensitivity you can explain those around you about your sensitivity issues and ask if they can refrain from touching you or putting on certain perfumes. Choose fabrics that you like and put your favourite perfume on your handkerchief to use when other smells overwhelm you.

Having a social life can be certainly difficult for people with ASD. However, in recent years there has been an increase in the number of adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and more people are becoming aware of it. There are community services and autism-friendly volunteer organisations that help you to connect with people of the same interests. Likewise, for leisure and recreational activities, you can consider your talents, abilities, and interests and reach out to local facilities that meet your needs. 

Look up leisure and sports centres, swimming pools, libraries, art galleries, adult education classes, gyms, and local sports clubs to find out what support and services they offer that match your interests and ability level. There are also local organisations that provide excellent organised activities, meetings, and social outings.  You may, however, need some support depending on your ability level, which you can get from family or friends or opt for paid assistance or care services available in your area.

6. SEEK HELP AND COMMUNICATE ABOUT YOUR NEEDS

Autism adults usually seek mental health services after struggling to fit in for years or when they reach a crisis point in their lives. If you or a loved one is experiencing symptoms of autism, it is important to consult a mental health professional for help. Conversely, if you are already diagnosed with autism, try telling your family and friends about it. As a result, you might be able to understand why you have difficulties understanding social behaviour and maintain a better relationship with them. Be sure to discuss your needs with your employers and coworkers so that they will be able to manage and accommodate you or provide you with a mentor who can help you if you are feeling anxious, confused, or stressed. Additionally, it is also important to take the medications and therapies required regularly. 

Further Reading:

• A Full Life with Autism: From Learning to Forming Relationships to Achieving Independence by Chantal Sicile-Kira
• Asperger Syndrome Employment Workbook by Roger N. Meyer
• Autism Spectrum Disorder- The complete guide to understanding Autism by Chantal Sicile-Kira
• Getting to Grips with Asperger Syndrome – Understanding Adults on the Autism Spectrum by Carol Hagland
• The Complete Guide to Asperger’s Syndrome by Tony Attwood
• Guide to Seniors Autism Spectrum
• www.autism.org.sg
• www.autismSpeaks.org
• www.autismsociety.org